This calculator helps estimate the power output, financial returns, and environmental impact of horizontal (HAWT) and vertical (VAWT) wind turbines based on user-defined conditions.

The Betz Limit (59.3%) is the maximum theoretical efficiency a wind turbine can achieve when extracting energy from wind.

HAWTs rotate around a horizontal axis and are ideal for open areas with steady wind. VAWTs rotate around a vertical axis and perform better in turbulent or urban environments.

Air density affects how much energy is in the wind. Higher air density = more potential power. It depends on temperature, pressure, and humidity.

Use the formula:
ρ = p / (R × T)
where p = pressure (Pa), R = 287 J/kg·K, T = temperature (K).

Wake loss occurs when turbines interfere with each other’s airflow, reducing the total efficiency of the farm.

It refers to the percentage of time a turbine is non-operational due to maintenance, failures, or other downtimes.

HAWTs are directional—misalignment between wind and blade direction reduces efficiency. VAWTs are omnidirectional and less sensitive to wind angle.

Storage methods have different efficiencies. The selected method directly impacts how much of the generated power is retained.

While the calculator provides solid estimates, real-world projects should involve professional engineering analysis and site-specific data.

We use 2025 average electricity prices per kWh by country to estimate potential revenue based on power output and time duration.

A large commercial turbine (e.g., 2–3 MW) can power around 1,000 homes per year depending on wind conditions.

Yes, with custom inputs! Just modify the air density and wind speed values to match Martian conditions (e.g., low air density ~0.02 kg/m³).

They're shaped like airplane wings (airfoils) to generate lift, which causes the blades to spin with high efficiency.

White minimizes visual impact and reflects sunlight, reducing heat buildup in the blades and preventing material fatigue.

Three blades offer the best balance of efficiency, cost, and structural stability. More blades add weight and reduce speed.

A good site has consistent winds over 5 m/s, low turbulence, and minimal obstacles. Use wind resource maps or real-time data.

Turbines have some carbon footprint during manufacturing, but their operational emissions are nearly zero, making them one of the cleanest energy sources.

Yes! Wind turbines operate 24/7 as long as there's wind — they don’t rely on sunlight like solar panels.

Higher elevations and unobstructed areas allow faster and steadier winds, which greatly improve turbine performance.

From 300 meters away, a turbine is about as loud as a refrigerator (35–45 dB). Up close, it can be around 90 dB.

Yes, especially in hot environments with poor airflow. That’s why many turbines include cooling systems in the nacelle.

It houses the gearbox, generator, brake system, cooling units, and control electronics — essentially the brain and muscles.

On average, it takes 6 months to 1 year for a turbine to offset all the carbon used to manufacture and install it.

They may be in maintenance or testing mode. Sometimes motors rotate the blades slowly to prevent mechanical stress.

No. Models vary based on climate, regulation, grid standards, and manufacturer availability (e.g., offshore vs inland, icy climates, etc.).

Yes, small turbines (2–10 kW) can meet the needs of a single home, especially in off-grid or windy rural locations.

If wind speed drops below the cut-in speed (usually ~3 m/s), the turbine stops to prevent inefficient operation and wear.

Longer blades sweep a larger area, capturing more wind and increasing power output — power increases with the square of blade length.